Quantifying genetic differentiation and population assignment between two contingents of Atlantic mackerel<i> (Scomber</i><i> scombrus)</i> in the Northwest Atlantic

Abstract

In the Northwest Atlantic (NWA), the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) has a northern and a southern contingent, which spawn in Canada and the United States (U.S.), respectively. Both contingents mix mostly along the U.S. shelf during overwintering. The discrimination of individuals from each contingent in fisheries could improve the management of this depleted species in both countries. Here, we used genome-wide markers (>10 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) to assess genomic differences between mackerel of both contingents, and possibly infer the proportions of each contingent in NWA management units. Small but significant genetic differentiation was observed between the northern and southern contingents (FST = 0.0010). Genetic assignments to reference samples from the two contingents were performed with predictive accuracy > 85\%. Fish from both contingents were present along the U.S. shelf during late winter and early spring but also, without prior evidence of this, likely in Canadian waters from late spring to fall. Genetic assignments could be used as a stock discrimination tool so that fishery removals can be effectively determined and managed on a contingent level.